RIKOBION

Mechanism of Action

Niacinamide has antipruritic, antimicrobial, vasoactive, photo-protective, sebostatic, and lightening effects depending on its concentration. Within a complex metabolic system, niacinamide controls the NFκB-mediated transcription of signaling molecules by inhibiting the nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Niacinamide is a well-tolerated and safe substance often used in cosmetics.

Ferrous fumarate is a type of iron. You normally get iron from the foods you eat. In your body, iron becomes a part of your hemoglobin and myoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen through your blood to tissues and organs. Myoglobin helps your muscle cells store oxygen. Ferrous fumarate is used to treat iron deficiency anemia (a lack of red blood cells caused by having too little iron in the body).

Vitamins are vital for the normal metabolism of the body. Vitamins vary in their chemical structure and are supplied in small amounts in the diet because they are not synthesized in the body or their rate of production is not sufficient for the maintenance of health (eg. niacin synthesis from tryptophan). Vitamin deficiency in the body may lead to the development of deficiency symptoms. Different vitamin preparations are available for prophylaxis and treatment, Most vitamins are nontoxic but prolonged intake of Vit. A and Vit. D can cause toxicity. Vitamins are classified into two groups: 

I. Water-soluble vitamins B-complex group, vitamin C. II. Fat-soluble vitamins Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K.

Pharmacokinetic Properties:

In the acid conditions of the gastric contents, ferrous fumarate is dissociated and ferrous ions are liberated. These ions are absorbed in the proximal portion of the duodenum.

The ferrous iron absorbed by the mucosal cells of the duodenum is oxidized to the ferric form, and this is bound to a protein to form ferritin.

Ferritin in the mucosal cells releases iron into the blood, where it is bound to transferrin and passed into the iron stores – liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

These stores are a reserve of iron for the synthesis of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and iron-containing enzymes.

Iron is lost from the body through loss of cells in urine, feces, hair, skin, sputum, nails, and mucosal cells, and through blood loss.

Ferrous fumarate has the same pattern of absorption and excretion as dietary iron.

Drug-Drug interactions:

Your health professionals (eg, doctors or pharmacists) may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may monitor you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine before checking with them first.

Before using this medicine, have your doctor or herbalist use all the prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you can use exclusively: especially some anti-protein drugs (eg, phenytoin), Chloramphenicol, methyldopa.

This product may reduce the absorption of other drugs such as bisphosphonates (eg, alendronate), levodopa, penicillin, quinolone injectinotics (eg, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), thyroid medications (eg, Livo). Chemical doxycycline, minocycline). Therefore, separate your dose of these drugs as far as possible from your dose of this product. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how long you should wait between doses and to help find a dosing schedule that will work with all your medications.

This drug may interfere with some laboratory tests (testing for blood in the stool), possibly causing inaccurate test results. Make sure that laboratory personnel and all your doctors know that you use this medicine.

Precautions:

Before taking this medicine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; Or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which may cause allergies or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Do not use this medicine if you have some medical condition. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: some metabolic disorders (eg, hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis).

Before taking this medicine, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, specifically: alcohol, use/misuse of stomach / intestinal problems (eg, ulcers, colitis).

If your particular brand of iron supplements also contains folic acid, be sure to tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have vitamin B12 deficiency (lethal anemia) before taking it.

During pregnancy, this medicine should be used only when needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

Breastfeeding:

Iron supplements are completely safe when you are breastfeeding. For lactating women, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for iron is 9 mg per day. If you have had a lot of bleeding during birth from postpartum hemorrhage, your hemoglobin level may be checked after your birth.

Fertility:

Women who took iron supplements had a lower risk of ovulatory infertility (the inability to produce healthy baby-bearing eggs) than those who did not supplement.

Dosage:

(A) Iron deficiency anemia: 100 to 200 mg of primary iron per day. This is equivalent to Fersamal 1 tablet two or three times a day.

(b) Prophylaxis: Ferrous sulfate 200mg once or twice a day 60 to 120mg of primary iron per day. This is equivalent to Fersamal 1 tablet once or twice daily.

Duration of action:

After about six months of daily iron pills, the body’s iron stores will usually return to the average adult who has an iron-poor diet.

Adverse Reaction:

>10%: Gastrointestinal: Constipation, darkening of stools, nausea, stomach cramps, vomiting

1% to 10%:

Gastrointestinal: Dental discoloration, diarrhea, heartburn

Genitourinary: Urine discoloration

<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Local irritation

Storage:

Store at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Iron is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children. Store out of children’s reach and in child-resistant containers.

Overdosage:

If anyone has treatment and has severe symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call your Doctor. Symptoms of an overdose may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

Contraindictions:

Constipation, diarrhea, or stomach upset may occur. These effects are usually temporary and may disappear as your body adjusts to this medicine.

If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your doctor or pharmacist immediately.

Your stool may become black due to iron, which is not harmful.

If your doctor has prescribed this medicine, remember that he or she has decided that the benefit to you outweighs the risk of side effects. Many people using this medicine do not have serious side effects.

An allergic reaction to this medicine is unlikely but seek medical attention immediately if this happens. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rashes, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue / throat), severe dizziness, difficulty in breathing.

Warnings:

It contains iron.

Keep out of the reach and sight of children, as an overdose can be fatal.

It will appear in front of the pack within a rectangle, which contains no other information.

Pregnancy:

Ferrous fumarate tablets can be used during pregnancy if clinically indicated.